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Purpose of ABAP Dictionary

The ABAP Dictionary centrally describes and manages all the data definitions used in the system. The ABAP Dictionary is completely integrated in the ABAP Workbench. All the other components of the Workbench can actively access the definitions stored ill the ABAP dictionary
ABAP dictionary supports the definitions of user-defined types (data elements, structures and table types). You can also define the structure of database objects (tables, indexes and views) in the ABAP Dictionary. These objects can be automatically created in the database with this definition. The most important object types in the ABAP Dictionary are tables, views, types (data elements, structures, and table types), domains, search helps and lock objects.

Purpose 
Data definitions (metadata) are created and managed in the ABAP Dictionary. The ABAP Dictionary permits a central description of all the data used in the system without redundancies. New or modified information is automatically provided for all the systems components. This ensures data integrity, data consistency and data security. 
Tables are defined ill the ABAP Dictionary independently of the database. A table having the same structure is then created from this table definition in the underlying database. 

A table definition in the ABAP Dictionary contains the following components: 
  • Table  fields define field names and data types of the fields contained in the table 
  • Foreign keys define the relationships between the tables. 
  • Technical settings control how the table should be created in the database

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